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The Holistic Psoriasis Management & Nutrition Guide: Complete References

Chapter 1:

  1. Deng, Yaxiong, Christopher Chang, and Qianjin Lu. 2016. “The inflammatory response in psoriasis: A comprehensive Review.” Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol 50, 377–389. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12016-016-8535-x
  • Nair, Pragya A., and Talel Badri. 2023. “Psoriasis.” StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing.
  • Shen, Minxue, Yi Xiao, Danrong Jing, Guanxiong Zhang, Juan Su, Shuhong Lin, Xiang Chen, and Hong Liu. 2022. “Associations of combined lifestyle and genetic risks with incident psoriasis: A prospective cohort study among UK Biobank participants of European ancestry.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 87 (2): 343-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2022.04.006
  • Olivier, Chosidow, Robert Dellavalle, and Daihung Do. 2010. “The risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in patients with Psoriasis: A population-based cohort study.” Arch Dermatol 146 (8): 891-895. https://doi.org/10.1001/archdermatol.2010.186
  • Feldman, S. R., Chakkarin Burudpakdee, Smeet Gala, Merena Nanavaty, and Usha Mallya. 2014. “The economic burden of psoriasis: A systematic literature review.” Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research 14 (5), 685–705https://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.2014.933671
  • Vanderpuye-Orgle, Jacqueline, Yang Zhao, Jackie Lu, Anshu Shrestha, Alison Shrestha, Alison Sexton, Seth Seabury, and Mark Lebwohl. 2015. “Evaluating the economic burden of psoriasis in the United States.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 73 (3): 455-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.02.1099

Chapter 2:

  1. Sieminska, I, Monika Pieniawska, and Tomas Grzywa. 2024. “The immunology of psoriasis-Current concepts in pathogenesis.” Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 66 (2):164-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-08991-7
  • Roszkiewicz, Marek, Klaudia Dopytalska, Elzbieta Szymańska, Artur Jakimiuk, and Irena Walecka. 2020. “Environmental risk factors and epigenetic alternations in psoriasis.” Ann Agric Environ Med 27 (3):335-342. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/112107
  • Lønnberg, A.S., L. Skov, A. Skytthe, K. O. Kyvik, O. B. Pedersen, and S. F. Thomsen. 2013. “Heritability of psoriasis in a large twin sample” British Journal of Dermatology 169 (2):412–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12375
  • Alshobaili, H.A., Muhammad Shahzad, Abdullah Al-Marshood, AlSayed Khalil, Ahmad Settin, and Issam Barrimah. 2010. “Genetic background of psoriasis.” Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 4 (1):23-9.
  • Dopytalska, K., Piotr Ciechanowicz, Kacper Wiszniewski, Elzbieta Szymańska, and Irena Walecka. 2021. “The role of epigenetic factors in psoriasis.” Int J Mol Sci 22 (17):9294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179294
  1. Liu, S., Mengwen He, Jian Jiang, Xiaoru Duan, Bao Chai, Jingyu Zhang, Qingxiao Tao, and Hongxiang Chen. 2024. “Triggers for the onset and recurrence of psoriasis: A review and update.” Cell Commun Signal 22 (1):108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01381-0
  1. Matijašić, Mario, Tomislav Meštrović, Hana Paljetak, Mihaela Perić, Anja Barešić, and Donatella Verbanac. 2020. “Gut microbiota beyond Bacteria-Mycobiome, Virome, Archaeome, and Eukaryotic Parasites in IBD.” Int J Mol Sci 21 (8):2668. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082668
  1. De Pessemier, Britta, Lynda Grine, Melanie Debaere, Aglaya Maes, Bernhard Paetzold, and Chris Callewaert. 2021. “Gut-skin axis: Current knowledge of the interrelationship between microbial dysbiosis and skin conditions.” Microorganisms 9 (2): 353. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020353
  1. Aleman, Ricardo S., Marvin Moncada, and Kayanush Aryana. 2023. “Leaky gut and the ingredients that help treat it: A Review.” Molecules 28 (2):619. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020619
  1. Nagpal, Ravinder, Rabina Mainali, Shokouh Ahmadi, Shaohua Wang, Ria Singh, Kylie Kavanagh, Dalane Kitzman, Almagul Kushugulova, Francesco Marotta, and Hariom Yadav. 2018. “Gut microbiome and aging: Physiological and mechanistic insights.” Nutr Healthy Aging 4 (4):267-285. https://doi.org/10.3233/NHA-170030
  1. Quan, Cheng, Xiao-Ying Chen, Xia Li, Fend Xue, Li-Hong Chen, Na Liu, Bo Wang, Lan-Qi Wang, Xiao-Pan Wang, Hui Yang, and Jie Zheng. 2020. “Psoriatic lesions are characterized by higher bacterial load and imbalance between Cutibacterium and Corynebacterium.” J Am Acad Dermatol 82 (4):955-961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.06.024
  1. Thursby, Elizabeth, and Nathalie Juge. 2017. “Introduction to the human gut microbiota.” Biochem J 474 (11):1823-1836. https://doi.org/10.1042/BCJ20160510
  1. Li, Yuan, Gaihe Chen, Xiaohuan Hu, Yunlei Bao, Chuyan Wu, Ni Zeng, and Feng Jiang. 2024. “Assessing causal relationships between gut microbiota and psoriasis: Evidence from two sample Mendelian randomization analysis.” Sci Rep 14 (8831). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59603-5
  1. Sikora, Mariusz, Albert Stec, Magdalena Chrabaszcz, Joanna Giebultowicz, Emilia Samborowska, Radoslaw, Jazwiec, Michal Dadlez, Malgorzata Olszewska, and Lidia Rudnicka. 2021. “Clinical implications of intestinal barrier damage in psoriasis.” J Inflamm Res 14:237-243. https://doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S292544
  1. Thye, Angel Y. K., Yi-Rou Bah, Jodi W. F. Law, Loh Teng-Hern Tan, Ya-Wen He, Sunny-Hei Wong, Sivakumar Thurairajasingam, Kok-Gan Chan, Learn-Han Lee, and Vengadesh Letchumanan. 2022. “Gut-skin axis: Unravelling the connection between the gut microbiome and psoriasis.” Biomedicines 10 (5):1037. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10051037
  • Fan, Wen, Na Lei, Yujie Zheng, Juan Liu, Xuechen Cao, Ting Su, Zhonglan Su, and Yan Lu. 2024. “Oral microbiota diversity in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, nail psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.” Sci Rep 14 (1):18402. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69132-w
  • Buhaș Mihaela Cristina, Laura Ioana Gavrilaș, Rareș Candrea, Adrian Cătinean, Andrei Mocan, Doina Miere, and Alexandru Tătaru. 2022. “Gut microbiota in psoriasis.” Nutrients 14 (14):2970. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142970
  • Haapasalo, Karita, Lotta Koskinen, Jari Suvilehto, Pekka Jousilahti, Annika Wolin, Sari Suomela, Richard Trembath, Jonathan Barker, Jaana Vuopio, Juha Kere, T. Sakari Jokiranta, and Päivi Saavalainen. 2018. “The psoriasis risk Allele HLA-C*06:02 shows evidence of association with chronic or recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis.” Infect Immun 86 (10):e00304-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00304-18
  • Chen, Ming-Li, Yueh-Han Ku, Hei-Yip, and James Cheng-Chung Wei. 2021. “Tonsillectomy and the subsequent risk of psoriasis: A nationwide population-based cohort study.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 85 (6):1493 – 1502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2021.01.094
  • Groot, Jonathan, Christoffer Blegvad, Anne-Marie Nybo Anderson, Claus Zachariae, and Lone Skov. 2020. “Tonsillitis and pediatric psoriasis: Cohort and cross-sectional analyses of offspring from the Danish National Birth Cohort.” J Am Acad Dermatol 82 (3):666-674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.010
  • Rachakonda, Tara, Jaskaran Dhillon, Aleksandra Florek, and April Armstrong. 2015. “Effect of tonsillectomy on psoriasis: A systematic review.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 72 (2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.10.013
  • Dupire, Gwedy, Catherine Droitcourt, Carolyn Hughes, and Laurence Le Cleach. 2019. “Antistreptococcal interventions for guttate and chronic plaque psoriasis.” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011571
  • Prohic, Asja, Tamara Jovovic Sadikovic, Mersiha Krupalija-Fazlic, and Suada Kuskunovic-Vlahovljak. 2016. “Malassezia species in healthy skin and in dermatological conditions.” Int J Dermatol 55 (5):494-504. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.13116
  • Zomorodian, Kamiar, Hosssien Mirhendi, Bita Tarazooie, Hojjat Zeraati, Zahra Hallaji, and Kamran Balighi. 2008. “Distribution of Malassezia species in patients with psoriasis and healthy individuals in Tehran, Iran”. J Cutan Pathol 35 (11):1027-1031. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00968.x
  • Gomez-Moyano, E., Crespo-Erchiga, V., Martínez-Pilar, L., Godoy Diaz, D., Martínez-García, S., Lova Navarro, M., and Vera Casano, A. 2014. “Do Malassezia species play a role in exacerbation of scalp psoriasis? J Mycol Med 24 (2):87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2013.10.007
  • Afifi, Ladan, Melissa Danesh, Kristina Lee, Kevin Beroukhim, Benjamin Farahnik, Richard Ahn, Di Yan, Rasnik Singh, Mio Nakamura, John Koo, and Wilson Liao. 2017. “Dietary behaviors in psoriasis: Patient-reported outcomes from a U.S. national survey.” Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 7 (2):227-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-017-0183-4
  • Musumeci, Maria L., Maria R. Nasca, Simona Boscaglia, and Giuseppe Micali. 2022. “The role of lifestyle and nutrition in psoriasis: Current status of knowledge and interventions.” Dermatol Ther 35 (9):e15685. http:doi.org/10.1111/dth.15685
  • Zhang, Hanyi, Mi Wang, Xue Zhao, Yujie Wang, Xiang Chen, and Juan Su. “Role of stress in skin diseases: A neuroendocrine-immune interaction view.” Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 116: 286-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.005
  • Stewart, Thomas J., Winnie Tong, and Margot J. Whitfeld. 2018. “The associations between psychological stress and psoriasis: A systematic review.” Int J Dermatol 57(11):1275-1282. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.13956
  • Woźniak, Ewelina, Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek, and Waldemar Placek. 2021. “Psychological stress, mast cells, and psoriasis – is there any relationship?” Int J Mol Sci 22 (24):13252. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413252
  • Armstrong, A.W., C. T. Harskamp, J. S. Dhillon, E J Armstrong. 2014. “Psoriasis and smoking: A systematic review and meta-analysis.” Br J Dermatol 170 (2):304-314. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12670
  • Wenqing, Li, Jiali Han, Hyon K. Choi, and Abrar A. Qureshi. 2012. “Smoking and risk of incident psoriasis among women and men in the United States: A combined analysis.” American Journal of Epidemiology 175 (5):402–413, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr325
  • Armstrong, A.W., E. J. Armstrong, E. N. Fuller, M. E. Sockolov, and S. V. Voyles. 2011. “Smoking and pathogenesis of psoriasis: A review of oxidative, inflammatory and genetic mechanisms.” Br J Dermatol 165 (6):1162-1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10526.x
  • Reddy, Vidhatha, and Tine Bhutani. 2019. “Palmoplantar pustulosis in electronic cigarette Users: A potential for concern.” Dermatology 235 (6):525-526. https://doi.org/10.1159/000503385
  • Ockenfels, H. M., S. N. Wagner, C. Keim-Maas, R. Funk, G. Nussbaum, and M. Goos. 1996. “Lithium and psoriasis: Cytokine modulation of cultured lymphocytes and psoriatic keratinocytes by lithium.” Arch Dermatol Res 288 (4):173-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02505220
  • Lønnberg, A.S., L. Skov, A. Skytthe, K. O. Kyvik, O. B. Pedersen, and S. F. Thomsen. 2013. “Heritability of psoriasis in a large twin sample” British Journal of Dermatology 169 (2):412–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12375
  • Zhang, Xiaolin, Li Lei, Ling Lang, Chuhan Fu, Jinhua Huang, Yibo Hu, Lu Zhu, Fan Zhang, Jing Chen, and Quinghai Zeng. 2022. “Characteristics and pathogenesis of Koebner phenomenon.” Experimental dermatology 32 (4):310-323. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.14709

Chapter 3:

  1. National Psoriasis Foundation. 2024. “Locations and types.”
  • Blauvelt, Andrew, George Gondo, Bruce Strober. 2023. “Psoriasis involving special areas is associated with worse quality of life, depression, and limitations in the ability to participate in social roles and activities.” Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis 8 (3):100-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/24755303231160683
  • Youn, Sang. 2024. “Nail Psoriasis: Clinical Features and Severity Assessment.” Ann Dermatol. 36 (4):191-196. https://doi:10.5021/ad.24.026
  • Yadav G, Yeung J, Miller-Monthrope Y, et al. 2022. “Unmet Need in People with Psoriasis and Skin of Color in Canada and the United States.” Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 12(11):2401-2413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-022-00811-0
  • Kerr, GS, Qaiyumi S, Richards J, et al. 2015. “Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in African-American patients–the need to measure disease burden.” Clin Rheumatol 34 (10):1753-1759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2763-3
  1. Liu P, Kuang Y, Ye L, et al. 2022. “Predicting the Risk of Psoriatic Arthritis in Plaque Psoriasis Patients: Development and Assessment of a New Predictive Nomogram.” Front Immunol. 12:740968. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.740968
  1. Stewart CR, Algu L, Kamran R, et al. 2021. “The Impact of Nail Psoriasis and Treatment on Quality of Life: A Systematic Review.” Skin Appendage Disord 7 (2):83-89. https://doi.org/10.1159/000512688
  1. Dhruvkumar, Laheru, Anna Antony, Sueli Carneiro, Vito Di Lernia, Amit Garg, Thorvardur Jon Love, Karla del Rocio Macias Garcia, José Alexandre Mendonça, Sandeep Mukherjee, Rodica Olteanu, Lourdes Perez-Chada, Cheryl F. Rosen, Rachel Tannenbaum, and Michel Alexandre Yazbek. 2023. “Management of Nail Disease in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: An Updated Literature Review Informing the 2021 GRAPPA Treatment Recommendations.” The Journal of Rheumatology 50 (3): 433-437. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.220313
  1. Muneer, Hira, Nishad C. Sathe, and Sadia Masood. 2024. “Nail Psoriasis.” StatPearls.
  1. National Psoriasis Foundation. 2020. “Measuring Body Surface Area.”
  1. National Psoriasis Foundation. 2020. “Psoriasis Statistics”
  1. Papp KA, Gniadecki R, Beecker J, et al. “Psoriasis Prevalence and Severity by Expert Elicitation.” 2021. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 11 (3):1053-1064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-021-00518-8
  1. Manchanda Y, De A, Das S, and Chakraborty D. 2023. “Disease Assessment in Psoriasis.” Indian J Dermatol 68 (3):278-281. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijd.ijd_420_23
  1. Finlay A Y, and Dr G K Khan. n/d. “Dermatology Life Quality Index.” School of Medicine.
  1. Finlay A Y, and Dr G K Khan. n/d. “Psoriasis Disability Index.” School of Medicine.

Chapter 4:

  1. Coates LC, Helliwell PS. 2017. “Psoriatic arthritis: state of the art review.” Clin Med (Lond) 17( 1):65-70. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.17-1-65
  •  Daugaard C, Iversen L, Hjuler KF. 2022. “Comorbidity in Adult Psoriasis: Considerations for the Clinician.” Psoriasis (Auckl) 12:139-150. https://doi.org/10.2147/PTT.S328572

7. American College of Rheumatology. 2023. “Psoriatic Arthritis.”

8. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 2024. “Psoriatic Arthritis: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Steps to Take.”

9. American College of Rheumatology. 2024. “Psoriatic Arthritis Guideline”.

  1. Khan , AR, Salama AH, Aleem Z, Alfakeer H, Alnemr L, Shareef AMM. 2023. “The Promising Frontier of Cardiometabolic Syndrome: A New Paradigm in Cardiology.” Cureus. 15 (9):e45542. https:// doi.org/10.7759/cureus.45542
  • Haș, IM, Tit DM, Bungau SG, et al. “Cardiometabolic Risk: Characteristics of the Intestinal Microbiome and the Role of Polyphenols.” 2024. Int J Mol Sci 24 (18):13757. Published 2023 Sep 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813757
  • Aksentijevich, M., Lateef SS, Anzenberg P, Dey AK, Mehta NN. 2020. “Chronic inflammation, cardiometabolic diseases and effects of treatment: Psoriasis as a human model.” Trends Cardiovasc Med 30 (8):472-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2019.11.001
  • Cai, J., Cui, L., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, X., and Shi, Y. 2021. “Cardiometabolic Comorbidities in Patients with Psoriasis: Focusing on Risk, Biological Therapy, and Pathogenesis.” Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 774808. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.774808
  • Shapiro, Jonathan et al.2010. “Psoriasis and cardiovascular risk factors: A case-control study on inpatients comparing psoriasis to dermatitis.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 66(2): 252 – 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2010.11.046
  • Kumar, S., Han J, Li T, Qureshi AA. 2013. “Obesity, waist circumference, weight change and the risk of psoriasis in US women.” J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 27 (10):1293-1298. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.12001
  1. World Health Organization. 2023. “Hypertension.”
  1. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. “High Blood Pressure Facts.”
  1. Armstrong AW, Harskamp CT, Armstrong EJ. 2013. “Psoriasis and the risk of diabetes meelitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” JAMA Dermatol 149 (1):84-91. https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamadermatol.406
  1. Centers for Disease Control. 2024. Diabetes Complications.
  1. Alvarez S, Coffey R, Mathias PM et al. Prediabetes. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treaasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459332/
  1. Ma, C., Harskamp CT, Armstrong EJ, Armstrong AW. 2013. “The association between psoriasis and dyslipidaemia: A systematic review.” Br J Dermatol 168 (3):486-495. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12101
  1. Salihbegovic, E. M., Hadzigrahic N, Suljagic E, et al. 2015. “Psoriasis and dyslipidemia.” Mater Sociomed 27 (1):15-17. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2014.27.15-17
  1. National Library of Medicine. 2024. “Cholesterol Levels: What You Need to Know.”
  1. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. 2022. “What Is Metabolic Syndrome?”
  1. Hedemann, Thea L., Xinran Liu, Cindy Kang, Muhammad Husain. 2022. “Associations between psoriasis and mental illness: an update for clinicians.” ScienceDirect 75:30-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.006
  • Dowlatshahi, Emmilia A. et al. 2013. “The Prevalence and Odds of Depressive Symptoms and Clinical Depression in Psoriasis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 134 (6): 1542-1551. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2013.508
  • Luna, P. C., Chu, Y., Fatani, M., Borlenghi, C., Adora, A., Llamado, L. Q., and Wee, J. 2023. “Psychosocial Burden of Psoriasis: A Systematic Literature Review of Depression Among Patients with Psoriasis.” Dermatology and Therapy 13 (12), 3043-3055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-023-01060-5
  •  Sahi, F. M., Masood, A., Danawar, N. A., Mekaiel, A., and Malik, B. H. 2020. “Association Between Psoriasis and Depression: A Traditional Review. Cureus 12(8). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9708
  • Jalenques, I., Bourlot, F., Martinez, E., Pereira, B., Lauron, S., and Rondepierre, F. 2022. “Prevalence and Odds of Anxiety Disorders and Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adults with Psoriasis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 102. https://doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v102.1386
  • Seyedian, S. S., Nokhostin, F., and Malamir, M. D. 2019. “A review of the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment methods of inflammatory bowel disease.” Journal of Medicine and Life,12(2), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.25122/jml-2018-0075
  • Andersen, Yuki M.F. et al. 2019. “Chronologic order of appearance of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases relative to diagnosis of psoriasis.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 81 (6): 1283 – 1291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.04.033
  •  Rozich, J. J., Holmer, A., and Singh, S. 2020. “Effect of Lifestyle Factors on Outcomes in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.” The American Journal of Gastroenterology 115 (6), 832. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000000608
  • Jing, X., Zhuyuan, W., Aijun, C., Jianxia, X., Kun, H., and Ping, W. 2023. “Association of psoriasis with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.” Frontiers in Medicine 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1175477
  • Svedbom A, Dalén J, Mamolo C, et al. 2015. “Increased cause-specific mortality in patients with mild and severe psoriasis: A population-based Swedish register study.” Acta Derm Venereol 95 (7):809-815. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-2095
  • Wan, J., Wang, S., Haynes, K., Denburg, M. R., Shin, D. B., and Gelfand, J. M. 2013. “Risk of moderate to advanced kidney disease in patients with psoriasis: Population based cohort study.” The BMJ 347. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5961
  • Myers, B., Vidhatha, R., Nicholas, B., Stephanie, C., Quinn, T., Chang, W., Bhutani, T., and Liao, W. 2021. “Sleep and the gut microbiome in psoriasis: Clinical implications for disease progression and the development of cardiometabolic comorbidities.” Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis 6(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1177/2475530320964781
  • Luengas-Martinez A, Paus R, Iqbal M, Bailey L, Ray DW, Young HS. 2022. “Circadian rhythms in psoriasis and the potential of chronotherapy in psoriasis management.” Experimental Dermatology 31 (11), 1800-1809. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.14649
  • Li, W., Qureshi, A. A., Schernhammer, E. S., and Han, J. 2013. “Rotating night shift work and risk of psoriasis in US women.” The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 133 (2), 565. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2012.285
  • Balamurugan, M. S., and Somanath, A. 2022. “Commentary: A clinician should know about systemic psoriasis and eye.” Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 70(9), 3332-3334. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_1547_22
  • Ruggiero A, Fabbrocini G, Cacciapuoti S, Cinelli E, Gallo L, Megna M. 2021. “Ocular Manifestations in Psoriasis Screening (OcMaPS) Questionnaire: A Useful Tool to Reveal Misdiagnosed Ocular Involvement in Psoriasis.” J Clin Med 10 (5):1031. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10051031
  • Cira, I., Carsote, M., Nistor, C., Petca, A., Petca, C., and Sandru, F. 2023. “Conundrum for Psoriasis and Thyroid Involvement.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24 (5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054894
  • Wang SH, Wang J, Lin YS, Tung TH, Chi CC. 2019. “Increased risk for incident thyroid diseases in people with psoriatic disease: A cohort study.” J Am Acad Dermatol 80 (4):1006-1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.049
  • Liu, Jeffrey et al. 2021. “Association between psoriasis and thyroid dysfunction among US adults in the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 86(4):897 – 899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2021.03.030
  • Vassilatou E, Papadavid E, Papastamatakis P, et al. 2017. “No association of psoriasis with autoimmune thyroiditis.” J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 31(1):102-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13767
  • Ülker MT, Çolak GA, Baş M, Erdem MG. 2023. “Evaluation of the effect of gluten-free diet and Mediterranean diet on autoimmune system in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.” Food Sci Nutr 12 (2):1180-1188. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3833
  • Trafford AM, Parisi R, Kontopantelis E, Griffiths CEM, Ashcroft DM. 2019. “Association of Psoriasis With the Risk of Developing or Dying of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” JAMA Dermatol 155 (12):1390–1403. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.3056
  • Vaengebjerg S, Skov L, Egeberg A, Loft ND. 2020. “Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk of Cancer in Patients With Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” JAMA Dermatol 156 (4):421–429. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0024

Chapter 5:

  1. Murphy, EC, Nussbaum D, Prussick R, and Friedman AJ. 2019. “Use of complementary and alternative medicine by patients with psoriasis.” J Am Acad Dermatol 81(1):280-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.059

Chapter 6:

  1. Elmets, Craig A. et al. 2020. “Joint AAD–NPF Guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with topical therapy and alternative medicine modalities for psoriasis severity measures.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 84 (2): 432 – 470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.087
  • Menter, Alan et al. 2020. “Joint American Academy of Dermatology–National Psoriasis Foundation guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis with systemic nonbiologic therapies.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 82 (6): 1445 – 1486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.02.044
  • Menter, Alan et al. 2018. “Joint AAD-NPF guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with biologics.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 80 (4): 1029 – 1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.11.057
  • Elmets, Craig A. et al. 2019. “Joint American Academy of Dermatology–National Psoriasis Foundation guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with phototherapy.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 81(3): 775 – 804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.04.042

Chapter 7:

  1. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. “Adult BMI Categories.”
  • Scheuer, S. H., Færch, K., Philipsen, A., Jørgensen, M. E., Johansen, N. B., Carstensen, B., Witte, D. R., Andersen, I., Lauritzen, T., and Andersen, G. S. 2015. “Abdominal Fat Distribution and Cardiovascular Risk in Men and Women With Different Levels of Glucose Tolerance.” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 100 (9), 3340-3347. https://doi.org/10.1210/JC.2014-4479
  • Garbicz, J., Całyniuk, B., Górski, M., Buczkowska, M., Piecuch, M., Kulik, A., and Rozentryt, P. 2022. “Nutritional Therapy in Persons Suffering from Psoriasis.” Nutrients, 14 (1). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010119
  • Vata, D., Tarcau, B. M., Popescu, I. A., Halip, I. A., Patrascu, A. I., Solovastru, F. G., Mocanu, M., Chiriac, P. C., and Solovastru, L. G. 2023. “Update on Obesity in Psoriasis Patients.” Life, 13 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/life13101947
  • Armstrong, A. W., Harskamp, C. T., and Armstrong, E. J. 2012. “The association between psoriasis and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.” Nutrition and Diabetes, 2 (12), e54. https://doi.org/10.1038/nutd.2012.26
  • Soenen, Rani et al. 2019. “Defining a Minimal Effective Serum Trough Concentration of Secukinumab in Psoriasis: A Step toward Personalized Therapy.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 139 (10): 2232 – 2235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2019.04.012
  • Snekvik, Ingrid et al. 2017. “Obesity, Waist Circumference, Weight Change, and Risk of Incident Psoriasis: Prospective Data from the HUNT Study.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Volume 137(12): 2484 – 2490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.822
  1. Pona A, Haidari W, Kolli SS, Feldman SR. “Diet and psoriasis.” 2019. Dermatol Online J. 25 (2):13030/qt1p37435s.
  1. Blake, T., Gullick, N. J., Hutchinson, C. E., and Barber, T. M. 2020. “Psoriatic disease and body composition: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.” PLoS ONE 15 (8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237598
  1. Debbaneh, Maya et al. 2014. “Diet and psoriasis, part I: Impact of weight loss interventions.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 71(1):133 – 140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.02.012
  1. Prins, J. B. 2002. “Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ.” Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 16 (4), 639-651. https://doi.org/10.1053/beem.2002.0222
  1. Artemniak-Wojtowicz D, Kucharska AM, Pyrżak B. 2020. “Obesity and chronic inflammation crosslinking.” Cent Eur J Immunol 45 (4):461-468. https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2020.103418
  1. Jin Y, Zhang F, Yang S, et al. 2008. “Combined effects of HLA-Cw6, body mass index and waist-hip ratio on psoriasis vulgaris in Chinese Han population.” J Dermatol Sci. 52 (2):123-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.04.016
  1. Roszkiewicz M, Dopytalska K, Szymańska E, Jakimiuk A, Walecka I. 2020. “Environmental risk factors and epigenetic alternations in psoriasis.” Ann Agric Environ Med 27 (3):335-342. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/112107
  1. Russo PA, Ilchef R, Cooper AJ. 2004. “Psychiatric morbidity in psoriasis: a review.” Australas J Dermatol 45 (3):155-161. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-0960.2004.00078.x
  1. Barros, G., Duran, P., Vera, I., and Bermúdez, V. 2022. Exploring the Links between Obesity and Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23 (14), 7499. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147499
  1. Carrascosa JM, Rocamora V, Fernandez-Torres RM, et al. 2014. “Obesity and psoriasis: inflammatory nature of obesity, relationship between psoriasis and obesity, and therapeutic implications.” Actas Dermosifiliogr 105 (1):31-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ad.2012.08.003
  • Naldi, Luigi et al. 2004. “Cigarette Smoking, Body Mass Index, and Stressful Life Events as Risk Factors for Psoriasis: Results from an Italian Case–Control Study.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 125 (1): 61 – 67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23681.x
  • Mahil, S. K., McSweeney, S. M., Kloczko, E., McGowan, B., Barker, J. N., and Smith, C. H. 2019. “Does weight loss reduce the severity and incidence of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis? A Critically Appraised Topic.” British Journal of Dermatology, 181(5), 946-953. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.17741
  • Romero-Talamás H, Aminian A, Corcelles R, Fernandez AP, Schauer PR, Brethauer S. 2014. “Psoriasis improvement after bariatric surgery.” Surg Obes Relat Dis 10 (6):1155-1159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2014.03.025
  • Chan, A. A., Li, H., Li, W., Pan, K., Yee, J. K., Chlebowski, R. T., and Lee, D. J. 2022. “Association between baseline insulin resistance and psoriasis incidence: The Women’s Health Initiative.” Archives of Dermatological Research, 314 (9), 869-880. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-021-02298-9
  • Tricò, D., Filice, E., Trifirò, S., and Natali, A. 2016. “Manipulating the sequence of food ingestion improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients under free-living conditions.” Nutrition and Diabetes, 6(8), e226. https://doi.org/10.1038/nutd.2016.33

Chapter 8:

  1. Ramos-Lopez O, Martinez-Urbistondo D, Vargas-Nuñez JA, Martinez JA. 2022. “The Role of Nutrition on Meta-inflammation: Insights and Potential Targets in Communicable and Chronic Disease Management.” Curr Obes Rep 11(4):305-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-022-00490-0.
  • Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G. 2014. “Mediterranean dietary pattern, inflammation and endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials.” Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 24(9):929-939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2014.03.003
  • Garbicz J, Całyniuk B, Górski M, Buczkowska M, Piecuch M, Kulik A, Rozentryt P. 2021. “Nutritional Therapy in Persons Suffering from Psoriasis.” Nutrients 14(1):119. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010119.
  • Tristan Asensi M, Napoletano A, Sofi F, Dinu M. 2023. “Low-Grade Inflammation and Ultra-Processed Foods Consumption: A Review. Nutrients.” 15(6):1546. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061546
  • Lane M M, Gamage E, Du S, Ashtree D N, McGuinness A J, Gauci S et al. 2024. “Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses.” BMJ 384 :e077310 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-077310
  • Whelan, K., Bancil, A.S., Lindsay, J.O. et al. 2024. “Ultra-processed foods and food additives in gut health and disease.” Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 21, 406–427 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5
  1. Liauchonak I, Qorri B, Dawoud F, Riat Y, Szewczuk MR. 2019. “Non-Nutritive Sweeteners and Their Implications on the Development of Metabolic Syndrome.” Nutrients 16;11(3):644. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030644
  1. Liauchonak I, Qorri B, Dawoud F, Riat Y, Szewczuk MR. 2019. “Non-Nutritive Sweeteners and Their Implications on the Development of Metabolic Syndrome.” Nutrients 16;11(3):644. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030644
  1. Spencer M, Gupta A, Dam LV, Shannon C, Menees S, Chey WD. 2016. “Artificial Sweeteners: A Systematic Review and Primer for Gastroenterologists.” J Neurogastroenterol Motil 30;22(2):168-80. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm15206
  1. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Martín-Rodríguez A, Ramos-Campo DJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Tornero-Aguilera JF. 2022. “The Burden of Carbohydrates in Health and Disease.” Nutrients 14(18):3809. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183809
  1. Arezou Khezerlou, Amir pouya Akhlaghi, Adel Mirza Alizadeh, Parvin Dehghan, Parham Maleki. 2022 “Alarming impact of the excessive use of tert-butylhydroquinone in food products: A narrative review.” Toxicology Reports 1066-1075, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.027
  1. Simopoulos AP. 2016. “An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk for Obesity.” Nutrients 8(3):128. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030128
  1. Peillex C, Pelletier M. 2020. “The impact and toxicity of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on health and immunity.” J Immunotoxicol 17(1):163-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/1547691X.2020.1804492
  1. Martín-Torres, Sandra, Juan Antonio Tello-Jiménez, Rafael López-Blanco, Antonio González-Casado, and Luis Cuadros-Rodríguez. 2022. “Monitoring the Shelf Life of Refined Vegetable Oils under Market Storage Conditions—A Kinetic Chemofoodmetric Approach” Molecules 27 19: 6508. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196508
  1. Dark Calories: How Vegetable Oils Destroy Our Health and How We Can Get It Back. Catherine Shanahan, MD, 6/11/2024
  1. Pipoyan D, Stepanyan S, Stepanyan S, Beglaryan M, Costantini L, Molinari R, Merendino N. 2021. “The Effect of Trans Fatty Acids on Human Health: Regulation and Consumption Patterns.” Foods 10 (10):2452. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102452
  • Burgess HJ, Rizvydeen M, Kikyo F, et al. 2022. “Sleep and circadian differences between light and heavy adult alcohol drinkers.” Alcohol Clin Exp Res 46 (7):1181-1191. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14872
  • Ma Y, Griffith JA, Chasan-Taber L, et al. 2006. “Association between dietary fiber and serum C-reactive protein.” Am J Clin Nutr 83 (4):760-766. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/83.4.760
  • Serreli G, Deiana M. 2020. “Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols: Modulation of Cellular Pathways Related to Oxidant Species and Inflammation in Aging.” Cells 9 (2):478. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9020478
  • González-Rodríguez M, Ait Edjoudi D, Cordero-Barreal A, Farrag M, Varela-García M, Torrijos-Pulpón C, Ruiz-Fernández C, Capuozzo M, Ottaiano A, Lago F, Pino J, Farrag Y, Gualillo O. 2023. “Oleocanthal, an Antioxidant Phenolic Compound in Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO): A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Its Potential in Inflammation and Cancer.” Antioxidants (Basel) 12 (12):2112. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12122112
  • Natto, Z.S., Yaghmoor, W., Alshaeri, H.K. et al. 2019. “Omega-3 Fatty Acids Effects on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Lipid Profiles among Diabetic and Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Sci Rep 9, 18867. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54535-x
  • Serafini M, Peluso I. 2016. “Functional Foods for Health: The Interrelated Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Fruits, Vegetables, Herbs, Spices and Cocoa in Humans.” Curr Pharm Des 22 (44):6701-6715. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666161123094235
  • Vitolins MZ, Case TL. 2020. “What Makes Nutrition Research So Difficult to Conduct and Interpret?” Diabetes Spectr 33 (2):113-117. https://doi.org/10.2337/ds19-0077
  • Daley, C.A., Abbott, A., Doyle, P.S. et al. 2010. “A review of fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content in grass-fed and grain-fed beef.” Nutr J 9, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-9-10
  • De Simoni E, Rizzetto G, Molinelli E, Capodaglio I, Offidani A, Simonetti O. 2023. “The Role of Diet in Children with Psoriasis: Emerging Evidence and Current Issues.” Nutrients 15 (7):1705. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071705
  • Ingkapairoj K, Chularojanamontri L, Chaiyabutr C, Silpa-Archa N, Wongpraparut C, Bunyaratavej S. 2022. “Dietary habits and perceptions of psoriatic patients: Mediterranean versus Asian diets.” J Dermatolog Treat 33(4):2290-2296. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2021.1959500
  • Di Salvo E, Gangemi S, Genovese C, Cicero N, Casciaro M. 2023. “Polyphenols from Mediterranean Plants: Biological Activities for Skin Photoprotection in Atopic Dermatitis, Psoriasis, and Chronic Urticaria.” Plants (Basel) 12(20):3579. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203579
  • Barrea L, Balato N, Di Somma C, Macchia PE, Napolitano M, Savanelli MC, Esposito K, Colao A, Savastano S. 2015. “Nutrition and psoriasis: is there any association between the severity of the disease and adherence to the Mediterranean diet?” J Transl Med 27;13:18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-014-0372-1
  • Phan C, Touvier M, Kesse-Guyot E, Adjibade M, Hercberg S, Wolkenstein P, Chosidow O, Ezzedine K, Sbidian E. 2018. “Association Between Mediterranean Anti-inflammatory Dietary Profile and Severity of Psoriasis: Results From the NutriNet-Santé Cohort.” JAMA Dermatol 154(9):1017-1024. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.2127
  • Korovesi A, Dalamaga M, Kotopouli M, Papadavid E. 2019. “Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is independently associated with psoriasis risk, severity, and quality of life: a cross-sectional observational study.” Int J Dermatol 58(9):e164-e165. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.14523
  • Molina-Leyva A, Cuenca-Barrales C, Vega-Castillo JJ, Ruiz-Carrascosa JC, Ruiz-Villaverde R. 2019. “Adherence to Mediterranean diet in Spanish patients with psoriasis: Cardiovascular benefits?” Dermatol Ther 32(2):e12810. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.12810
  • Caso F, Navarini L, Carubbi F, et al.2020. “Mediterranean diet and Psoriatic Arthritis activity: a multicenter cross-sectional study.” Rheumatol Int 40(6):951-958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-019-04458-7
  • Lambadiari V, Katsimbri P, Kountouri A, Korakas E, Papathanasi A, Maratou E, Pavlidis G, Pliouta L, Ikonomidis I, Malisova S, Vlachos D, Papadavid E. 2024. “The Effect of a Ketogenic Diet versus Mediterranean Diet on Clinical and Biochemical Markers of Inflammation in Patients with Obesity and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Randomized Crossover Trial.” Int J Mol Sci 25(5):2475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052475
  • Ford, A., Siegel, M., Bagel, J., Cordoro, K., Garg, A., Gottlieb, A., and Armstrong, A. W. 2018. “Dietary Recommendations for Adults With Psoriasis or Psoriatic Arthritis From the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation: A Systematic Review.” JAMA Dermatology, 154 (8), 934-950. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.1412
  • Ungprasert P, Wijarnpreecha K, Kittanamongkolchai W. 2017. “Psoriasis and Risk of Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” Indian J Dermatol 62(1):41-46. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.198031
  • Bhatia, Bhavnit K. et al. 2014. “Diet and psoriasis, part II: Celiac disease and role of a gluten-free diet.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 71 (2): 350-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.017
  • Michaëlsson G, Ahs S, Hammarström I, Lundin IP, Hagforsen E. 2003. “Gluten-free diet in psoriasis patients with antibodies to gliadin results in decreased expression of tissue transglutaminase and fewer Ki67+ cells in the dermis.” Acta Derm Venereol 83 (6):425-429. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015550310015022
  • De Bastiani R, Gabrielli M, Lora L, et al. 2015. “Association between coeliac disease and psoriasis: Italian primary care multicentre study.” Dermatology 230 (2):156-160. https://doi.org/10.1159/000369615
  • Kolchak NA, Tetarnikova MK, Theodoropoulou MS, Michalopoulou AP, Theodoropoulos DS. 2017. “Prevalence of antigliadin IgA antibodies in psoriasis vulgaris and response of seropositive patients to a gluten-free diet.” J Multidiscip Healthc 27;11:13-19. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S122256
  • Barrea L, Megna M, Cacciapuoti S, et al. 2022. “Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in patients with psoriasis and obesity: an update for dermatologists and nutritionists.” Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 62(2):398-414. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1818053
  • Castaldo G, Galdo G, Rotondi Aufiero F, Cereda E. 2016. “Very low-calorie ketogenic diet may allow restoring response to systemic therapy in relapsing plaque psoriasis.” Obes Res Clin Pract 10(3):348-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2015.10.008
  • Castaldo G, Rastrelli L, Galdo G, Molettieri P, Rotondi Aufiero F, Cereda E. 2020. “Aggressive weight-loss program with a ketogenic induction phase for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: A proof-of-concept, single-arm, open-label clinical trial.” Nutrition 74:110757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2020.110757
  • Castaldo G, Pagano I, Grimaldi M, Marino C, Molettieri P, Santoro A, Stillitano I, Romano R, Montoro P, D’Ursi AM, Rastrelli L. 2021. “Effect of Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Psoriasis Patients: A Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomic Study.” J Proteome Res 20(3):1509-1521. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00646
  • Shahrigharahkoshan S, AlHalees Z, Pehr K. 2022. “Ketogenic diet-induced prurigo pigmentosa: a rising association.” Int J Dermatol 61(7):779-782. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15991
  • Oku A, Nakai K, Tsuruta D. 2021. “A case of prurigo pigmentosa occurring in a patient with psoriasis vulgaris following a ketogenic diet during the COVID-19 pandemic.” Int J Dermatol 60(11):1437-1438. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.15833
  • Gudden J, Arias Vasquez A, Bloemendaal M. 2021. “The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Brain and Cognitive Function.” Nutrients 13(9):3166. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093166
  • Damiani G, Watad A, Bridgewood C, Pigatto PDM, Pacifico A, Malagoli P, Bragazzi NL, Adawi M. 2019. “The Impact of Ramadan Fasting on the Reduction of PASI Score, in Moderate-To-Severe Psoriatic Patients: A Real-Life Multicenter Study.” Nutrients 11(2):277. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020277
  • Adawi M, Damiani G, Bragazzi NL, Bridgewood C, Pacifico A, Conic RRZ, Morrone A, Malagoli P, Pigatto PDM, Amital H, McGonagle D, Watad A. 2019. “The Impact of Intermittent Fasting (Ramadan Fasting) on Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity, Enthesitis, and Dactylitis: A Multicentre Study.” Nutrients 11(3):601. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030601
  • Almutairi N, Shaaban D. 2022. “Clinical implications of intermittent Ramadan fasting on stable plaque psoriasis: a prospective observational study.” Postepy Dermatol Alergol 9 (2):368-374. https://doi.org/10.5114/ada.2021.107098
  • Alpay K, Ertas M, Orhan EK, Ustay DK, Lieners C, Baykan B. 2010. “Diet restriction in migraine, based on IgG against foods: a clinical double-blind, randomised, cross-over trial.” Cephalalgia 30(7):829-837. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102410361404
  • Nigg JT, Lewis K, Edinger T, Falk M. 2012. “Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, restriction diet, and synthetic food color additives.” J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 51 (1):86-97.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2011.10.015
  • Scarpato E, Auricchio R, Penagini F, Campanozzi A, Zuccotti GV, Troncone R. 2019. “Efficacy of the gluten free diet in the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders: a systematic review on behalf of the Italian Society of Paediatrics.” Ital J Pediatr 45 (1):9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-019-0606-1
  • Guida B, De Martino CD, De Martino SD, et al. 2000. “Histamine plasma levels and elimination diet in chronic idiopathic urticaria.” Eur J Clin Nutr 54 (2):155-158. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600911
  • Kagalwalla AF, Shah A, Li BU, et al. 2011. “Identification of specific foods responsible for inflammation in children with eosinophilic esophagitis successfully treated with empiric elimination diet.” J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 53 (2):145-149. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e31821cf503
  • Lim NR, Lohman ME, Lio PA. 2017. “The Role of Elimination Diets in Atopic Dermatitis-A Comprehensive Review.” Pediatr Dermatol 34 (5):516-527. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.13244
  • Peng Z, Yi J, Liu X. 2022. “A Low-FODMAP Diet Provides Benefits for Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms but Not for Improving Stool Consistency and Mucosal Inflammation in IBD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Nutrients 14 (10):2072. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14102072

Chapter 9:

  1. Afifi L, Danesh MJ, Lee KM, Beroukhim K, Farahnik B, Ahn RS, Yan D, Singh RK, Nakamura M, Koo J, Liao W. 2017. “Dietary Behaviors in Psoriasis: Patient-Reported Outcomes from a U.S. National Survey.” Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 7 (2):227-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-017-0183-4
  • Mahajan, Vikram K.; Dhattarwal, Niharika; Chauhan, Pushpinder S.; Mehta, Karaninder S.; Sharma, Reena; Sharma, Anuj; Singh, Vijay K.; Sharma, Jyotshna; Hooda, Sheenam. 2021. “The Association of Alcohol Use Disorder and Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: Results of a Pilot Study.” Indian Dermatology Online Journal 12(1):p 128-133. https://doi.org/10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_226_20
  • Brenaut E, Horreau C, Pouplard C, et al. 2013. “Alcohol consumption and psoriasis: a systematic literature review.” J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol Suppl 3:30-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.12164
  • Sahi FM, Masood A, Danawar NA, Mekaiel A, Malik BH. 2020. “Association Between Psoriasis and Depression: A Traditional Review.” Cureus 12(8):e9708. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9708
  1. Zhu KJ, Zhu CY, Fan YM. 2012. “Alcohol consumption and psoriatic risk: a meta-analysis of case-control studies.” J Dermatol 39 (9):770-773. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2012.01577.x
  1. Musumeci ML, Nasca MR, Boscaglia S, Micali G. 2022. “The role of lifestyle and nutrition in psoriasis: Current status of knowledge and interventions.” Dermatol Ther 35(9):e15685. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.15685
  1. Bishehsari F, Magno E, Swanson G, Desai V, Voigt RM, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A. 2017. “Alcohol and Gut-Derived Inflammation.” Alcohol Res 38 (2):163-171
  1. Szentkereszty-Kovács Z, Gáspár K, Szegedi A, Kemény L, Kovács D, Törőcsik D. 2021. “Alcohol in Psoriasis-From Bench to Bedside.” Int J Mol Sci 22 (9):4987. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094987
  1. Hoyumpa AM. 1986. “Mechanisms of vitamin deficiencies in alcoholism.” Alcohol Clin Exp 10 (6):573-581. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05147.x
  1. McClain C, Vatsalya V, Cave M. 2017. “Role of Zinc in the Development/Progression of Alcoholic Liver Disease.” Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 15 (2):285-295. https://doi,org/ 10.1007/s11938-017-0132-4
  1. Zaghloul SS, Goodfield MJ. 2004. “Objective assessment of compliance with psoriasis treatment.” Arch Dermatol 140 (4):408-414. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.140.4.408
  1. Iskandar, I. Y., Lunt, M., Thorneloe, R. J., Cordingley, L., Griffiths, C. E., Ashcroft, D. M., and Therapy Study Groups, O. R. 2021. “Alcohol misuse is associated with poor response to systemic therapies for psoriasis: Findings from a prospective multicentre cohort study.” British Journal of Dermatology 185 (5), 952-960. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.20577
  1. Zorlu O, Bülbül Başkan E, Yazici S, et al. 2022. “Predictors of drug survival of biologic therapies in psoriasis patients.” J Dermatolog Treat 33 (1):437-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2020.1763240
  1. Grønhøj Larsen F, Steinkjer B, Jakobsen P, Hjorter A, Brockhoff PB, Nielsen-Kudsk F. 2000. “Acitretin is converted to etretinate only during concomitant alcohol intake.” Br J Dermatol 143 (6):1164-1169. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03883.x
  • Ruan Z, Lu T, Chen Y, Yuan M, Yu H, Liu R, Xie X. 2022. “Association Between Psoriasis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Outpatient US Adults.” JAMA Dermatol 158 (7):745-753. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2022
  • Poikolainen K, Karvonen J, Pukkala E. 1999. “Excess mortality related to alcohol and smoking among hospital-treated patients with psoriasis.” Arch Dermatol 135 (12):1490-1493. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.135.12.1490
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2023. “Alcohol.”

Chapter 10:

  1. Liu S, He M, Jiang J, Duan X, Chai B, Zhang J, Tao Q, Chen H. 2024. “Triggers for the onset and recurrence of psoriasis: a review and update.” Cell Commun Signal 22 (1):108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01381-0
  • Woźniak E, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A. 2021. “Placek W. Psychological Stress, Mast Cells, and Psoriasis-Is There Any Relationship?” Int J Mol Sci 22 (24):13252. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413252
  • Hanyi Zhang, Mi Wang, Xue Zhao, Yujie Wang, Xiang Chen, Juan Su. 2024. “Role of stress in skin diseases: A neuroendocrine-immune interaction view.” Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 116: 286-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.005
  • Bartholomew E, Chung M, Yeroushalmi S, Hakimi M, Bhutani T, Liao W. 2022. “Mindfulness and Meditation for Psoriasis: A Systematic Review.” Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 12 (10):2273-2283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-022-00802-1
  1. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. 2023. “Yoga: Effectiveness and Safety.”
  1. National Psoriasis Foundation. 2024. “Active and Mindful Lifestyles.”
  1. Pandi-Perumal SR, Spence DW, Srivastava N, Kanchibhotla D, Kumar K, Sharma GS, Gupta R, Batmanabane G. 2022. “The Origin and Clinical Relevance of Yoga Nidra.” Sleep Vigil 6 (1):61-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41782-022-00202-7
  1. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. 2022. “Tai Chi: What You Need To Know.”
  1. Kaiser Permanente. 2024. “Stress Management: Doing Breathing Exercises.”
  1. Better Health Channel. 2024. “Breathing to reduce stress.”
  1. Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine. 2024. “Just Breathe: Using Breathwork for Wellbeing.”
  1. Physical Activity Basics. 2024. “What You Can Do to Meet Physical Activity Recommendations.”
  1. Yeroushalmi S, Hakimi M, Chung M, Bartholomew E, Bhutani T, Liao W. 2022. “Psoriasis and Exercise: A Review.” Psoriasis (Auckl) 12:189-197. https://doi.org/10.2147/PTT.S349791
  1. Naldi L, Conti A, Cazzaniga S, et al. 2014. “Diet and physical exercise in psoriasis: a randomized controlled trial.” Br J Dermatol 170 (3):634-642. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12735
  • Loretta DiPietro, Andrei Gribok, Michelle S. Stevens, Larry F. Hamm, William Rumpler. 2013. “Three 15-min Bouts of Moderate Postmeal Walking Significantly Improves 24-h Glycemic Control in Older People at Risk for Impaired Glucose Tolerance.” Diabetes Care 36 (10): 3262–3268. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0084

Chapter 11:

  1. Wilchowski SM. 2022. “The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: From Pathogens to Pathology.” J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 15(3 Suppl 1).
  • Fan Wang, Juerong Feng, Pengfei Chen, Xiaoping Liu, Minxing Ma, Rui Zhou, Ying Chang, Jing Liu, Jin Li, Qiu Zhao. 2017. “Probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.” Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology 41(4):466-475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2017.04.004
  • Zeng L, Yu G, Wu Y, Hao W, Chen H. 2021. “The Effectiveness and Safety of Probiotic Supplements for Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Preclinical Trials.” J Immunol Res 7552546. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7552546
  • Knez E, Kadac-Czapska K, Grembecka M. 2023. “Effect of Fermentation on the Nutritional Quality of the Selected Vegetables and Legumes and Their Health Effects.” Life (Basel) 13(3):655. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13030655
  • Chen X, Hong S, Sun X, et al. 2020. “Efficacy of fish oil and its components in the management of psoriasis: a systematic review of 18 randomized controlled trials.” Nutr Rev. 78(10):827-840. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz098
  • Yang SJ, Chi CC. 2019. “Effects of fish oil supplement on psoriasis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.” BMC Complement Altern Med 19 (1):354. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2777-0
  1. Peterson CT, Vaughn AR, Sharma V, et al. 2018. “Effects of Turmeric and Curcumin Dietary Supplementation on Human Gut Microbiota: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study.” J Evid Based Integr Med 23:2515690X18790725. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X18790725
  1. Ghosh SS, He H, Wang J, Gehr TW, Ghosh S. 2018. “Curcumin-mediated regulation of intestinal barrier function: The mechanism underlying its beneficial effects.” Tissue Barriers 6(1):e1425085. https://doi.org/10.1080/21688370.2018.1425085
  1. Naghsh N, Musazadeh V, Nikpayam O, et al. 2023. “Profiling Inflammatory Biomarkers following Curcumin Supplementation: An Umbrella Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.” Evid Based Complement Alternat Med :4875636. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4875636
  1. Ashtary-Larky D, Rezaei Kelishadi M, Bagheri R, et al. 2021. “The Effects of Nano-Curcumin Supplementation on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials.” Antioxidants (Basel). 10(7):1015. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071015
  1. Hegde M, Girisa S, BharathwajChetty B, Vishwa R, Kunnumakkara AB. 2023. “Curcumin Formulations for Better Bioavailability: What We Learned from Clinical Trials Thus Far?” ACS Omega 8(12):10713-10746. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c07326
  1. Cui A, Xiao P, Ma Y, Fan Z, Zhou F, Zheng J, Zhang L. 2022. “Prevalence, trend, and predictor analyses of vitamin D deficiency in the US population, 2001-2018.” Front Nutr. 9:965376. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.965376
  1. Kift R, Rhodes LE, Farrar MD, Webb AR. 2018. “Is Sunlight Exposure Enough to Avoid Wintertime Vitamin D Deficiency in United Kingdom Population Groups?” Int J Environ Res Public Health 15(8):1624. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081624
  1. Millsop J. W., Bhatia, B.K., Debbaneh M, Koo J, Liao W. 2014. “Diet and psoriasis, part III: role of nutritional supplements.” J Am Acad Dermatol. 71 (3):561-9. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.03.016
  1. Michalsen A, Eddin O, Salama A. 2015. “A case series of the effects of a novel composition of a traditional natural preparation for the treatment of psoriasis.” J Tradit Complement Med 6 (4):395-398 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.08.006
  1. Tsai TY, Yen H, Huang YC. 2019. “Serum homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 levels in patients with psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.” Br J Dermatol 180(2):382-389. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.17034
  • Menting S P, Dekker PM, Limpens J, Hooft L, Spuls PI. 2016. “Methotrexate Dosing Regimen for Plaque-type Psoriasis: A Systematic Review of the Use of Test-dose, Start-dose, Dosing Scheme, Dose Adjustments, Maximum Dose and Folic Acid Supplementation.” Acta Derm Venereol 96 (1):23-28. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-2081
  • Elgharably N, Al Abadie M, Al Abadie M, Ball PA, Morrissey H. 2022. “Vitamin B group levels and supplementations in dermatology.” Dermatol Reports 15(1):9511. https://doi.org/10.4081/dr.2022.9511
  • Thomson, Christine D et al. 2007. “Brazil nuts: an effective way to improve selenium status.” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87(2):379 – 384. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/87.2.379
  • Yu C, Yu N, Jiang X, Gao X, Lv S, Wang G. 2023. “Efficacy and safety of supramolecular active zinc in the treatment of scalp psoriasis: a multicentre, randomized, observed-blind, parallel-group, placebo- and active-controlled noninferiority trial.” Clin Exp Dermatol 48 (10):1138-1144. https://doi.org/10.1093/ced/llad168
  • Dawson, Thomas L et al. 2004. “Broad-spectrum anti-fungal activity of pyrithione zinc and its effect on the causes of dandruff and associated itch.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 50 (3):36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2003.10.146
  • Marko M, Pawliczak R. 2023. “Resveratrol and Its Derivatives in Inflammatory Skin Disorders-Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: A Review.” Antioxidants (Basel) 12 (11):1954. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111954
  • Chen H, Lu C, Liu H, et al. 2017. “Quercetin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice via the NF-κB pathway.” Int Immunopharmacol 48:110-117 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2017.04.022
  • Thomas JP, Modos D, Rushbrook SM, Powell N, Korcsmaros T. 2022. “The Emerging Role of Bile Acids in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.” Front Immunol 13:829525. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.829525
  • Wei G, Shi Z, Wu X, Hwang ST. 2023. “The Emerging Potential of Bile Acids as a Modulator of Psoriatic Inflammation.” Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. 8 (3):118-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/24755303231177965
  • Shi, Z., Wu, X., Wu, C., Singh, S. P., Law, T., Yamada, D., Huynh, M., Liakos, W., Yang, G., Farber, J. M., Wan, Y. Y., and Hwang, S. T. 2022. “Bile Acids Improve Psoriasiform Dermatitis through Inhibition of IL-17A Expression and CCL20-CCR6–Mediated Trafficking of T Cells.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 142 (5), 1381-1390.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.027
  • Urdaneta V, Casadesús J. 2017. “Interactions between Bacteria and Bile Salts in the Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Tracts.” Front Med (Lausanne). 4:163. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2017.00163
  • Wei, G., Shi, Z., Wu, X., and Hwang, S. T. 2023. “The Emerging Potential of Bile Acids as a Modulator of Psoriatic Inflammation.” Journal of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis®. https://doi.org/10.1177_24755303231177965
  • Lajevardi V, Kashiri A, Ghiasi M, Khosravi D, Fazlolahi S, Etesami I.2020. “Evaluating the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid plus methotrexate vs methotrexate alone in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque-type psoriasis: A randomized clinical trial.” Dermatol Ther 33 (4):e13455. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13455

Chapter 12:

  1. Ekor M. 2014. “The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety.” Front Pharmacol 4:177. https://doi.org10.3389/fphar.2013.00177
  • Sun, Q., Leng, J., Tang, L., Wang, L., and Fu, C. 2021. “A Comprehensive Review of the Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, Adverse Events, and Quality Control of Indigo Naturalis.” Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 664022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.664022
  • Lin, Y., Chang, S., Yang, C., See, L., Lee, B., and Shih, I. 2020. “Efficacy and safety of indigo naturalis ointment in Treating Atopic Dermatitis: A randomized clinical trial.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 250, 112477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112477
  • Wang P, Gao J, Guo S, Liu H, Cao C, Hong S, Sun Y, Wang C, Xiao W, Song P, Li N, Xu R. 2023. “Benefits of topical indigo naturalis nanofibrous patch on psoriatic skin: A transdermal strategy for botanicals.” Mater Today Bio 22:100756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2023
  • Lin YK, See LC, Huang YH, et al. 2014. “Efficacy and safety of Indigo naturalis extract in oil (Lindioil) in treating nail psoriasis: a randomized, observer-blind, vehicle-controlled trial.” Phytomedicine 21 (7):1015-1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.02.013
  • Lin YK, Wong WR, Chang YC, et al. 2007. “The efficacy and safety of topically applied indigo naturalis ointment in patients with plaque-type psoriasis.” Dermatology 214 (2):155-161. https://doi.org/10.1159/000098576
  • Xie, X., Di, T., Wang, Y., Wang, M., Meng, Y., Lin, Y., Xu, X., Li, P., and Zhao, J. 2018. “Indirubin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses mediated by IL-17A-producing γδ T cells.” Molecular Immunology, 101, 386-395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2018.07.011
  1. Elkhawaga, O.Y., Ellety, M.M., Mofty, S.O. et al. 2023. “Review of natural compounds for potential psoriasis treatment.” Inflammopharmacol 31, 1183–1198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-023-01178-0
  1. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. 2023. “In the News: Berberine.”
  1.  Wu, X., Li, X., Dang, Z., and Jia, Y. 2018. “Berberine demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties in Helicobacter pylori-infected mice with chronic gastritis by attenuating the Th17 response triggered by the B cell-activating factor.” Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 119(7), 5373-5381. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.26681
  1. Yang, Y., Wang, Q., Xie, M., Liu, P., Qi, X., Liu, X., and Li, Z. 2016. “Berberine exerts an anti-inflammatory role in ocular Behcet’s disease.” Spandidos Publications 15 (1): 97- 102. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2016.5980
  1. Janeczek M, Moy L, Lake EP, Swan J. 2018. “Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Mahonia aquifolium for the Treatment of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis.” J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 11(12):42-47.
  1. Müller K, Ziereis K, Gawlik I. 1995. “The antipsoriatic Mahonia aquifolium and its active constituents; II. Antiproliferative activity against cell growth of human keratinocytes.” Planta Med 61 (1):74-75. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-958005
  1. Zhao Q, Chen XY, Martin C. 2016. “Scutellaria baicalensis, the golden herb from the garden of Chinese medicinal plants.” Sci Bull (Beijing) 61 (18):1391-1398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-016-1136-5
  1. Wen Y, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhao B, Wang J. 2023. “The Pharmacological Efficacy of Baicalin in Inflammatory Diseases.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24 (11):9317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119317
  1. Hung CH, Wang CN, Cheng HH, et al. 2018. “Baicalin Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Inflammation in Mice.” Planta Med 84 (15):1110-1117. https://doi.org/0.1055/a-0622-8242
  1. Wu X, Deng X, Wang J, Li Q. 2020. “Baicalin Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Inflammatory Cytokines Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) in Human Immortalized Keratinocytes (HaCaT) Human Keratinocytes by Inhibiting the STAT3/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway.” Med Sci Monit 26:e919392. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.919392
  • Wu X, Deng X, Wang J, Li Q. 2020. “Baicalin Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Inflammatory Cytokines Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) in Human Immortalized Keratinocytes (HaCaT) Human Keratinocytes by Inhibiting the STAT3/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway.” Med Sci Monit 26:e919392. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.919392
  • Xia, C., Fu, X., Wang, Q., Chen, X., Chen, J., Kang, Y., and Wang, B. 2024. “Anti-ROS and NIR-II-Responsive Hyaluronic Acid Microneedle Loaded With Baicalin Nanoparticles for Treatment of Psoriasis.” Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 45(15), 2400136. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.202400136
  • Liu, T., Dai, W., Li, C., Liu, F., Chen, Y., Weng, D., and Chen, J. 2015. “Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.” Journal of Natural Products 78 (12): 3049–3057

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00868

  • Xu L, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Zhang X. 2017. “Regulatory effect of baicalin on the imbalance of Th17/Treg responses in mice with allergic asthma.” J Ethnopharmacol 208:199-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.013

Chapter 13:

  1. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. 2022. “Acupuncture: Effectiveness and Safety.”
  • Chen RM, Shi GA, Xiong YQ, Li ZX, Ji X, Feng YY, Yan L, Zhou XY, Xu HY, Wu T, Chen SY, Gan HF, Zhou YF, Peng M, Zhou P, Zeng JC, Li JJ. 2024. “Fire acupuncture for plaque psoriasis case series.” Medicine (Baltimore) 103(16):e37848. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000037848
  • Xu J, Zhou Q, Xie F, Cao Y, Yang X, Tao M.2024. “Effect of fire needle combined with traditional Chinese medicine on psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.” Medicine (Baltimore) 103(7):e35832. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000035832
  • Hodak, Emmilia et al. 2002. “Climatotherapy at the Dead Sea is a remittive therapy for psoriasis: combined effects on epidermal and immunologic activation.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 49 (3):451 – 457. https://doi.org/10.1067/S0190-9622(03)00916-2
  • Protano C, Vitali M, De Giorgi A, Marotta D, Crucianelli S, Fontana M. 2024. “Balneotherapy using thermal mineral water baths and dermatological diseases: a systematic review.” Int J Biometeorol 68 (6):1005-1013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-024-02649-x
  1. Emmanuel T, Lybæk D, Johansen C, Iversen L. 2020. “Effect of Dead Sea Climatotherapy on Psoriasis; A Prospective Cohort Study.” Front Med (Lausanne) 7:83. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00083
  1. Beylot-Barry M, Mahé E, Rolland C, de la Bretèque MA, Eychenne C, Charles J, Payen C, Machet L, Vermorel C, Foote A, Roques C, Bosson JL. 2022. “Evaluation of the benefit of thermal spa therapy in plaque psoriasis: the PSOTHERMES randomized clinical trial.” Int J Biometeorol 66 (6):1247-1256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02273-7
  1. Jaiswal YS, Williams LL. 2016. “A glimpse of Ayurveda – The forgotten history and principles of Indian traditional medicine.” J Tradit Complement Med 7 (1):50-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.02.002
  1. Dayanand ND, Amuthan A, Ballambat SP, Kabbekodu SP, Devi V. 2023. “Indian Traditional Treatments for Psoriasis: A Critical Appraisal of Available Evidence Supporting Efficacy.” Chin J Integr Med 29 (1):69-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-022-3519-y
  1. Kumar Bhatted S, Arun Shende H, Kumar Singh H, Kumar A. 2023. “Ayurveda management of Palmoplantar Psoriasis (Vipadika) -a case report”. J Ayurveda Integr 14 (2):100704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100704
  1. Abhilesh VA, et al. 2021. “Management of erythrodermic psoriasis through ayurveda – A case reports. Perm. J., 2021 Aug 11:25:
  1. Lee, Brigette et al. 2018. “The uses of naltrexone in dermatologic conditions.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 80(6):1746 – 1752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.12.031
  1. Ringerike T, Pike E, Nevjar J, Klemp M. 2015. “The Use of Naltrexone in Low Doses Beyond the Approved Indication.” Oslo, Norway: Knowledge Centre for the Health Services at The Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH).
  1. Bridgman AC, Kirchhof MG. 2018. “Treatment of psoriasis vulgaris using low-dose naltrexone.” JAAD Case Rep 4(8):827-829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdcr.2018.06.001
  1. Khan, S., Ghafoor, R., and Kaleem, S. 2020. “Efficacy of Low Dose Naltrexone in Psoriasis.” Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2020.06.579
  • Bigliardi PL, Stammer H, Jost G, Rufli T, Büchner S, Bigliardi-Qi M. 2007. “Treatment of pruritus with topically applied opiate receptor antagonist.” J Am Acad Dermatol 56 (6):979-98

Chapter 14:

  1. Zinöcker, M. K., and Lindseth, I. A. (2018). The Western Diet-Microbiome-Host Interaction and Its Role in Metabolic Disease. Nutrients, 10(3), 365. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030365
  2. Polak, K., Bergler-Czop, B., Szczepanek, M., Wojciechowska, K., Frątczak, A., and Kiss, N. (2021). Psoriasis and Gut Microbiome-Current State of Art. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(9), 4529. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094529
  3. Peralta, C., Hamid, P., Batool, H., Al Achkar, Z., and Maximus, P. (2019). Psoriasis and Metabolic Syndrome: Comorbidities and Environmental and Therapeutic Implications. Cureus, 11(12), e6369. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6369
  4. Ohtsuka Y. (2015). Food intolerance and mucosal inflammation. Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society, 57(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.12546
  5. Gargano, D., Appanna, R., Santonicola, A., De Bartolomeis, F., Stellato, C., Cianferoni, A., Casolaro, V., and Iovino, P. (2021). Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns. Nutrients, 13(5), 1638. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051638
  6. United States Department of Agriculture. Food Allergies: the “Big 9.” Food Allergies: The “Big 9” | Food Safety and Inspection Service (usda.gov) Accessed 08-15-2024.
  7. Tuck, C. J., Biesiekierski, J. R., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., and Pohl, D. (2019). Food Intolerances. Nutrients, 11(7), 1684. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071684
  8. Caminero, A., Meisel, M., Jabri, B., and Verdu, E. F. (2019). Mechanisms by which gut microorganisms influence food sensitivities. Nature reviews. Gastroenterology and hepatology, 16(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-018-0064-z
  9. Hou, K., Wu, Z. X., Chen, X. Y., Wang, J. Q., Zhang, D., Xiao, C., Zhu, D., Koya, J. B., Wei, L., Li, J., and Chen, Z. S. (2022). Microbiota in health and diseases. Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 7(1), 135. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4
  10. Perler, B. K., Friedman, E. S., and Wu, G. D. (2023). The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Relationship Between Diet and Human Health. Annual review of physiology, 85, 449–468. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-031522-092054
  11. Zhou, X., Qiao, K., Wu, H., and Zhang, Y. (2023). The Impact of Food Additives on the Abundance and Composition of Gut Microbiota. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 28(2), 631. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020631
  12. Ruiz-Ojeda, F. J., Plaza-Díaz, J., Sáez-Lara, M. J., and Gil, A. (2019). Effects of Sweeteners on the Gut Microbiota: A Review of Experimental Studies and Clinical Trials. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 10(suppl_1), S31–S48. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy037